Artificial intelligence didn’t suddenly “arrive” with ChatGPT. What we’re seeing now is the result of a decade-long architectural shift—from narrow machine learning models to general-purpose reasoning systems exposed via APIs.
OpenAI has been one of the primary drivers of this shift. But the real story isn’t just bigger models—it’s the emergence of a new stack: foundation models → developer platforms → agentic systems.
This article walks through that evolution from an engineering perspective.
Bill Malloy is an innovative investor and technologist with a track record of successfully investing and building companies. He is currently focused on building and investing in engineering driven software companies as well as helping philanthropies that address the full life cycle of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Bill balances a number of philanthropic positions, currently serving the Malloy Foundation as well as co-founder of the PEERS Network. He previously served as a board member and treasurer for the Equinox Center. He holds a MBA from the University of Southern California and an undergraduate degree in Engineering from Clemson University.
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Bill Malloy 